Standard Error from Effect Estimate and p-Value

Calculates the standard error using the effect estimate and p-value. The default method = "z" is a z-based Wald-style SE recovery helper for effect estimates. For SD recovery examples, pass the returned SE to SDp_from_SEp only when the effect estimate is a raw mean difference from two independent groups.
The optional method = "t" uses a t distribution with df = n1 + n2 - 2 and is intended for small independent two group continuous outcomes. Cochrane describes the z-based p value route for Wald-style tests, but t tests for continuous outcome data should use the continuous outcome route instead.
To avoid an infinite return when p-value = 1, the p-value is automatically adjusted to 0.99999.

Reported effect estimate
Reported p-value
Whether one-tailed or two-tailed statistics should be calculated
Calculation method. Use "z" for the default normal approximation or "t" for a t-based route that requires n1 and n2 .
Sample size group 1, required when method = "t"
Sample size group 2, required when method = "t"
Within Study Result

Result

Function References

Altman D G, Bland J M. How to obtain the confidence interval from a P value BMJ 2011; 343 :d2090 doi:10.1136/bmj.d2090
Cochrane Handbook

How to Cite

Emprechtinger, R., Schwarzer, G., Tölch, U., Schreder, G., & Gartlehner, G. (2025). Assessing the effectiveness of metaHelper: A randomized controlled trial of a web application and R package to streamline statistical transformations in meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 179, 111640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2024.111640

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